中国现代学术场域之型构及其侨易格局——以20世纪前期的南北学术与留美学人为线索

The Qiao-yi Landscape and Figuration of Scholarly World in the Cultural Field of Modern China——With Focus on the Academic in South and North China and on the Returnee Scholars from the USA

中国现代学术之建立虽然可以追溯到19世纪以降,但若论及一种兼及制度、社会与思想的整体形变,仍当属共和肇兴之后的新文化时代。随着政治制度的变化而引起的文化变迁,自有其内部规律可循。以学衡解体与吴宓北上作为象征符号,则可引出作为南北学术调和地的清华大学,进而得以呈现中国现代学术型构的若干二元关系面相,诸如北大—清华双峰汇源的北方学统作为中国现代学术之主流、中央研究院与中央大学作为中国现代学术之伏流、学术庙堂与知识江湖的对立作为中国现代学术之潜流等,对于理解现代中国学术(文化)场域里的结构形成具有重要价值。而五四运动之后中国现代学术(兼及文化与思想)场域所呈现出的侨易格局,既具有一定的继往开来的知识独立诉求之气象,也展示了某种值得总结的客观性学术规律,其核心特征表现为三:侨中有序、变度渐常、由象见道。

With the disintegration of the Xue-heng School which caused Wu Mi’s move to Beijing, and takingTsinghua University which presented the academic integration of North and South China as example, thisarticle aims to examine the internal rules of cultural change in a changing political environment, whichmanifested as several binary structures supporting the figuration of the scholarly world in modern China,such as the northern scholarly tradition represented by both Peking University and Tsinghua University as themainstream of modern Chinese academia, Academia Sinica and the Central University of the Republic ofChina as the ground stream of modern Chinese academia and the antithesis between the institutionalizedacademic upper world and the free world of knowledge as the hidden stream of modern Chinese academia.Referring to these binary structures and combining with the analysis of the cultural and intellectual field ofmodern China after the May Fourth Movement, this article comes to a conclusion with the formulation ofQiao-yi concept and its three core characteristics: steady laws during Qiao( Movement), changing inmoderation, insight of Tao through images.