农田水利基础设施投资缺口对粮食生产效率损失的影响

Influence of investment gap in farmland water conservancy infrastructure on the loss of grain production efficiency

粮食生产离不开农田水利基础设施支撑,农田水利基础设施投资不足会导致农户粮食生产陷入“效率损失”陷阱之中。本文以中国31个省份2009—2018年数据为样本,以秦岭—淮河为界,将全国划为南方、北方和秦岭—淮河3个区域,构建缺口测度模型和EBM模型,分别测度农田水利基础设施投资缺口和粮食生产效率损失,并基于Tobit随机效应面板模型对二者关系进行实证检验。结果表明:①中国农田水利基础设施投资缺口严重,且区域差异明显,呈现南方<北方<秦岭—淮河的空间特征;②南方和秦岭-淮河区域的粮食生产效率损失主要源于纯技术效率损失,而北方区域主要源于规模效率损失;③农田水利基础设施投资缺口对粮食生产综合效率损失和规模效率损失存在显著正向影响,农业经营收入和人口城镇化对粮食生产综合效率损失和纯技术效率损失存在显著负向影响;④农田水利基础设施投资缺口的粮食生产效率损失效应存在功能区差异。对此,应实行功能区策略,即在主产区走“农田水利+技术创新”路径、在非主产区走“农田水利+技术不掉队”路径,并与提升农业经营收入和城镇化水平协调配合,以提升中国粮食生产效率。

Food production is inseparable from farmland water conservancy infrastructure.The dynamic asset poverty constraint framework indicates that insufficient investment in farmland water conservancy infrastructure will cause farmers’food production to fall into the trap of low efficiency.Based on the data of 31 provinces in China’s mainland from 2009 to 2018,this study divided the country into three regions the south,the north,and the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River reign,taking the Qingling-Huaihe River as the boundary and constructed a“gap”or deficiency measurement model for farmland water conservancy infrastructure investment and an EBM(epsilon-based measurement)model for food production efficiency loss,and analyzed the relationship between the two based on the Tobit random effect panel model in an empirical test.The results show that the deficiency of farmland water conservancy infrastructure investment is serious and has significant regional differences,which shows spatial characteristics of southern region less than northern region less than Qinling-Huaihe River boundary region,and the deficiency in China’s grain production bases is also serious.The loss of grain production efficiency in the south and the Qinling-Huaihe boundary regions is mainly caused by the loss of pure technical efficiency,while in the north is mainly caused by the loss of scale efficiency of grain production.The deficiency of farmland water conservancy infrastructure investment has significant positive impact on the loss of food production combined efficiency and scale efficiency,and agricultural operating income and urbanization level have significant positive impart on the pure technical efficiency.The effect of the deficiency of farmland water conservancy infrastructure investment on the loss of grain production efficiency differs between the main production areas and non-main production areas.Therefore,the functional zone strategy should be taken:taking the path of“farmland water conservancy and technological innovation”in the main production areas and“farmland water conservancy and technology catching up”in non-main production areas,and coordinate with the improvement of agricultural income and urbanization level to improve grain production efficiency in China.