中国20世纪建筑遗产空间分异及形成机理

Spatial differentiation and formation mechanism of China’s 20th-century architectural heritages

探索20世纪建筑遗产空间分异特征与形成机理,对于提高建筑遗产的保护水平有重要意义。以396处20世纪建筑遗产为研究对象,通过标准差椭圆、重心分析、Voronoi图等空间分析方法,研究中国20世纪建筑遗产空间分异及演变特征,并运用地理探测器模型深入剖析其形成机理。研究发现:(1)从整体分异格局及演变来看,20世纪建筑遗产空间分布呈凝聚状,省域层面呈高富集区"一枝独秀"、中富集区"东部零星"、一般富集区和低富集区"两带两块"的特征;市域层面呈"断崖式"数量差异、"梯度化"等级差异、"众星捧月"空间分异特征;重心呈"先北后南"移动趋势,东西向移动较微小,集聚程度呈由强变弱趋势,集聚点数量呈递减趋势。(2)从类型分异格局及演变来看,20世纪建筑遗产可分为六大主类和16个亚类。其中,科教文卫体类、商政办公类和纪念性类遗产数量居多,且分别呈"两核分散""东部三核、中部团状零星""两核一环多点"空间分布特征;同时,不同类型建筑遗产分布演变特征差异明显。(3)20世纪建筑遗产空间分布格局是由区域地位、文化与教育、社会经济发展水平和对外联系等多种因素共同作用的结果,其中历史文化底蕴因子的影响最大。

It is of great significance to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics and formation mechanism of 20th-century architectural heritages for improving the protection level of the cultural heritages.Taking 396 architectural heritage sites of the 20th-century as the research objects,we studied their spatial differentiation and evolution characteristics by means of standard deviation ellipse,gravity center analysis,Voronoi diagram and other spatial analysis methods,and analyzed the formation mechanism of these architectural heritages by using geographic detector model.The results are shown as follows:(1)In terms of the overall differentiation pattern and evolution,the 20th-century architectural heritages are densely distributed.At the provincial level,the highly rich areas have"only one cluster",the moderately rich areas are"scattered in the east",and the slightly and non-rich areas exhibit a pattern of"two zones and two pieces".At the district level,the number difference of"cliff type",the grade difference of"gradient"and the spatial differentiation of"standing out from the crowd"are presented.The center of gravity shows a trend of"northward first,then south",while the movement from east to west is relatively slight.The degree of agglomeration shows a trend from strong to weak and the number of agglomeration points shows a trend of decline.(2)As for distribution pattern and evolution of the types,the 20th-century architectural heritages can be divided into 6 main categories and 16 subcategories,among which,the number of science,education,cultural,health,commercial and administrative offices,and memorial heritages are in the majority,showing the spatial distribution characteristics of"two cores dispersed","three cores in the east,and scattered clusters in the middle"and"two cores,one loop and multiple points"respectively.Meanwhile,different types of architectural heritages have different distribution characteristics.(3)The spatial pattern of 20th-century architectural heritages is a result of multiple factors such as regional status,culture and education,social and economic development level and external relations,among which factors related with cultural richness in a long history have the greatest influence.