采矿岩层破断力学及内外类双曲线整体移动模型

Mining Strata Fracture Mechanics and Inner and Outer Analogous Hyperbola Integral Movement Model

采矿工程中岩层移动的关注重点在于采空区上覆岩层的破断力学及移动规律,工程地质的沉陷则着眼于地表的沉陷情况,这两个方向关注了采空区或者地表附近的局部岩层运动,能否发展一个整体移动模型来描述采空区上覆岩层移动到地表沉降的整体移动过程是科学采矿的重要理论基础。基于现有的相似模型实验结果、现场观测及理论分析,特别是对采矿岩层的破断进行了力学分析后,我们团队发现采动岩层的整体移动具有“类双曲线”特征,近年来先后建立了采动岩层移动“类双曲线”模型及内外“类双曲线”模型,并对模型中的参数赋予了相应的物理意义,分析了“类双曲线”模型随关键层层位变化和煤层倾角变化的演变规律,初步形成了采动岩层移动“类双曲线”理论框架,为矿山压力和岩层移动(开采沉陷)这两个不同的研究领域建立起联系。该理论模型将为岩层移动与控制、煤与瓦斯共采、冲击地压、地下水保护和充填开采等提供理论指导,得到国内外同行的积极评价。

Strata movement mainly focuses on the breaking and movement of overlying strata, while engineering geology focuses on the surface subsidence. These two research directions are related to the overall movement behavior of overlying strata to the surface soil layer after mining. It is an important theoretical basis for scientific mining to establish a unified model to describe the whole movement process of overlying strata moving to surface subsidence. Based on the existing similar model experimental results, field observation and theoretical analysis, our team found that the overall movement of the mining strata has the characteristics of analogous hyperbola. In recent years, the analogous hyperbola subsidence model(AHM) and the internal and conjugate inner and outer analogous hyperbola model are proposed, and the corresponding physical meanings are given to the mathematical parameters in the models. The evolution law of the AHM with the change of key strata and coal seam dip angle has been analyzed, and the AHM theoretical framework of mining strata movement has been initially formed. It provides a preliminary research for unifying the two independent disciplines of underground pressure and mining subsidence. The theoretical model can provide important guidance for strata movement and control, it enriches the theoretical system of scientific mining. The theoretical model can provide important reference for strata movement and control, simultaneous extracting of coal and methane, backfill mining, etc., and has been positively evaluated by well-known scholars in the mining field at home and abroad.