初中数学教材中的问题编写及其价值取向变化——以人教版(1978-2020年)“有理数”内容为例

The Compilation of Problems in Junior High Schools’Mathematics Textbooks and the Change of Their Value Orientation--Taking the Content of Rational Number of People’s Education Press(1978-2020)as an Example

问题是教材的重要构成,是教材体现其育人价值的重要载体,通过以问题背景、数学认知、问题开放性为维度的三因素多水平教材问题分析框架,探析中国初中数学教材“有理数”内容中的数学问题,发现近40年来教材中问题编写的价值取向变化.主要表现为逐步从关注数学知识掌握到更加注重数学与自然和社会联系的知识体验,从注重数学演题到更加强调数学探索与交流的学习方式,从注重数学知识理解到更加关注数学思维的开放性.

The mathematical problems are an important component of the mathematical textbook and an important carrier of the educational value of mathematical sciences.This paper analyzes the mathematical problems of“the content of rational number”appearing in the mathematical textbook of junior high schools through using the three-factor and multi-level textbook problem analysis framework with the three dimensions—problem background,mathematical recognition,and problem openness.This study finds the value orientation of problem compilation in the mathematics textbook has changed in the past 40 years.This change is mainly manifested by the following facts:the focus is changed from the mastery of mathematical knowledge to the knowledge experience that pays more attention to the relations among mathematics,nature and society,from mathematical problems to more emphasis on the learning method of mathematical exploration and communication,and from the understanding of mathematical knowledge to more on the openness of mathematical thinking.