电线电缆引燃机理及燃烧特性研究综述

Overview of Ignition Mechanism and Combustion Characteristic of Wire and Cable

电线电缆作为电力系统中重要的电能传输设备,其产量大、敷设面广,与生产生活息息相关。然而,由于其工作环境复杂、运行条件各异,且绝缘材料易燃,火灾事故时有发生。电线与电缆在结构、尺寸、材料、用途、电压等级、负载水平等方面存在差异,但致灾过程却有很多相似之处,可分为引燃、燃烧、熄灭3个阶段。电线电缆火灾除了由于自身故障而直接引发火灾外,还包括外部热源导致的故障。该文从不可靠连接、碳化路径电弧、空气电弧、外部热源、线芯过热、短路6个方面分别阐述了导致电线电缆起火的原因,简要介绍了上述多种因素综合作用下的引燃机理。同时对电线电缆的燃烧特性及其试验进行综述,并指出目前研究中存在的不足及今后应重点关注的问题,对于指导防火措施的实施具有重要意义。

As the important power transmission equipment in power system,wires and cables are closely related to production and living for their high production and wide range of laying.However,due to the complex working environment,different operating conditions and the flammable insulation material,wire and cable fire accidents occasionally occur.Wires and cables differ in structure,size,material,use,voltage level,load level,etc.,but they have similarities in disaster-causing process,which can be divided into three stages:ignition,combustion and extinguishment.Wire and cable fires can be caused by the faults of wires and cables themselves,or the faults caused by external heat sources.According to the heat sources that cause wires and cables to ignite,this paper discusses the causes of combustion from six aspects,including unreliable connection,carbonization-path arc,air-arc,external heat source,core overheating and short circuit,and briefly introduces the ignition mechanisms by above-mentioned multiple factors.Combustion characteristics of wires and cables and experimental methods about them are introduced in this paper.Moreover,the shortcomings in the current study and the problems that should be focused on in the future are presented,which is of great significance to guide the implementation of fire prevention measures.