日本饮用水水质检测标准化概述及启示

Overview and Enlightenment of Standardization of Drinking Water Quality Detection in Japan

饮用水水质安全状况直接关系到人体健康,水质检测是饮用水监管的核心要素之一,是确保饮用水水质达标的重要环节。基于日本的饮用水水质标准以及《水道法施行规则》中对水质检测的要求,系统梳理了东京都、大阪府、爱知县三个地区的饮用水水质检测实施情况,对日本的饮用水水质检测计划、检测指标、检测频率等在合规性与适用性等方面的特点进行了全面解析,探讨了其标准规范的制定、水质检测计划制度、监管实施机制、检测指标与频率动态管理、供水服务信息公开等方面对我国饮用水监管标准化工作的启示,以期为进一步提升我国饮用水卫生标准修订的动态性与周期性,建立饮用水标准的适用性评估技术提供参考。

The safety of drinking water quality is directly related to human health. Water quality detection is one of the key elements of drinking water supervision and an important link to ensure that drinking water quality meets the standard. Based on the drinking water quality standards of Japan and the requirements of water quality detection in the Implementation Rules of Waterway Law, the implementation of water quality detection in Tokyo, Osaka Prefecture and Aichi County were systematically summarized,the characteristics of Japanese drinking water quality detection plan, detection index and detection frequency in compliance and applicability were analyzed, and the enlightenment to the standardization of drinking water supervision in China were discussed in terms of the formulation of standards and specifications, water quality detection plan system, supervision and implementation mechanism, dynamic management of detection indexes and frequency, and disclosure of water supply service information. This paper can provide a reference for further improving the dynamics and periodicity of the revision of drinking water sanitary standards in China and establishing the applicability assessment technology of drinking water standards.