水环境中金属(氧化物)纳米颗粒检测方法研究进展

Advances in Detection Methods of Metal (Oxide) Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment

纳米颗粒由于其特殊的物理化学性质而被广泛应用,可通过各种途径进入水环境,对水生态环境和人体健康具有潜在风险。纳米颗粒的表征检测是掌握其在水环境中赋存、迁移转化和生态毒理效应的关键和基础。研究表明,金属(氧化物)纳米颗粒以痕量形式存在于水环境中,发生吸附、团聚、沉降、溶解和转化等一系列物理化学变化,对应金属离子的存在也会影响纳米颗粒的粒径检测结果。因此,萃取富集、分离、表征水环境中的金属(氧化物)纳米颗粒已成为研究热点。对近年来金属(氧化物)纳米颗粒常见的富集、分离和表征方法进行了总结与对比分析,并对今后的技术发展和研究方向进行了展望。

Nanoparticles are widely applied owing to their special physical and chemical properties. They can enter the aquatic environment through various ways, causing potential risks to the aquatic ecological environment and human health. Characterization and detection of nanoparticles is the key and basis for exploring their occurrence, migration, transformation and eco-toxicological effects in aquatic environment. Metal(oxide) nanoparticles exist in the aquatic environment in trace form and undergo a series of physical and chemical changes such as adsorption, agglomeration, sedimentation,dissolution and transformation, and the presence of different forms of metal ions also affects the particle size detection results of nanoparticles. Therefore, extraction and enrichment, separation and characterization of metal(oxide) nanoparticles in aquatic environment have become a hot research topic.This paper summarized and compared the common concentration, separation and characterization methods of metal(oxide) nanoparticles in recent years, and prospected the future development and research direction.