从伦理选择到科学选择的理论思考——聂珍钊教授访谈录

Theoretical Consideration from Ethical Selection to Scientific Selection: Interviewing Professor Nie Zhenzhao

在整个文学伦理学批评理论体系中,"伦理选择"是文学伦理学批评的核心概念和理论基石。在此次访谈中,文学伦理学批评创立者聂珍钊教授主要就"伦理选择"的价值及批评实践做了详细的阐述。文学伦理学批评认为,人类文明发展进程包括自然选择、伦理选择及科学选择三个阶段。自然选择解决人的形式问题,伦理选择解决人的本质问题,科学选择解决人的科学化问题。伦理选择的方法是伦理教诲,人类借助教诲高度科学化,从而道德消失,人类文明进入科学选择阶段。在批评实践中,作为理论使用的伦理选择(ethical selection)同作为术语使用的"伦理选择"(ethical choice)是两个不同的术语和概念,前者是整个选择过程,由后者构成。伦理选择只属于人类,动物界没有伦理选择。在伦理选择阶段,人类的繁衍属于伦理性质的自然选择,即使得到伦理和法律允许借助科学技术制造出来的克隆人,也仍然是伦理的产物,不能成为人类文明进入科学选择的标志。伦理选择既是主观的也是客观的,因此在某种意义上说,伦理选择是不自由的选择。

In the whole theoretical system of Ethical Literary Criticism,“Ethical selection” is the core concept and theoretical cornerstone. Professor Nie Zhenzhao,the founder of Ethical Literary Criticism,mainly elaborates on the value and critical practice of “ethical selection” in the interview. Ethical Literary Criticism holds that the development of human civilization includes“natural selection”,“ethical selection”and“scientific selection”. “Natural selection”solves the problem of human form,“ethical selection”solves the question of human essence,and“scientific selection”solves that of human science. The method of“ethical selection”is ethical instruction of teaching and learning. With the help of edification,human beings become highly scientific,thus morals disappear and human civilization enters the stage of scientific selection. In critical practice,“ethical selection”as theory and“ethical choice”as terminology are two different terms and concepts.The former is the whole selection process and is made up of the latter. As for ethical selection,it belongs only to human beings,and there is no ethical selection in the animal world. In the stage of ethical selection,human reproduction is a natural selection of ethical nature. Even if the cloning of human beings is made with the aid of science and technology,which is permitted by ethics and law,it is still an ethical product and cannot be a symbol of human civilization entering scientific selection. Ethical selection is subjective as well as objective,so in a sense,it is not free choice.