紫斑牡丹单瓣与半重瓣花粉超微结构及生理生化特性比较

Pollen Ultrastructure,Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Single-petal and Semidouble-petal Paeonia rockii Powder

该研究以3个紫斑牡丹品种(‘象牙白’、‘美人面’、‘紫金冠’)的单瓣与半重瓣花粉为材料,对其超微结构和生理生化特性进行观察分析,并对其花粉培养基进行筛选优化,探讨单瓣和半重瓣花粉的超微结构与花粉萌发率以及物质代谢与花粉萌发率之间的关系。结果表明:(1)紫斑牡丹花粉萌发的最适宜培养基为100 g·L^(-1)蔗糖+0.15 g·L^(-1)硼酸+10 g·L^(-1)琼脂。(2)花粉饱满率是影响花粉萌发的主要原因。(3)3个紫斑牡丹品种的单瓣花粉离体培养萌发率均显著高于半重瓣的花粉。(4)‘象牙白’、‘美人面’、‘紫金冠’单瓣花粉可溶性蛋白含量均高于半重瓣花粉,但三者单瓣花粉的MDA含量和3种保护酶(CAT、SOD、POD)活性均低于半重瓣花粉。研究认为,花粉体内蛋白质亏损和MDA、CAT、SOD、POD的积累可能是引起半重瓣紫斑牡丹花粉萌发率较低的生理原因之一。

With three Paeonia rockii varieties(‘Xiangyabai’,‘Meirenmian’,‘Zijinguan’)single and semidouble pollens as materials,the optimal medium for pollens of Paeonia rockii was determined.We observed and studied the ultrastructure and physiological and biochemical characteristics of pollen,explored the relationship between the ultrastructure of single and semi-double pollens and pollen germination rate,and the relationship between material metabolism and pollen germination rate.The results show that:(1)the most suitable culture medium for the germination of P.rockii powder is:100 g·L^(-1) sucrose+0.15 g·L^(-1) boric acid+10 g·L^(-1) agar.(2)Pollen fullness is the main reason that affects pollen germination.(3)The germination rate of single valve pollen of three P.rockii varieties was significantly higher than that of semi-valve pollen.(4)The soluble protein content of‘Xiangyabai’,‘Meirenmian’and‘Zijinguan’crown pollen was higher than that of semi-valve pollen,but the MDA content and three protective enzymes(CAT,SOD,POD)were lower than that of semi-valve pollen.It is believed that protein loss and accumulation of MDA,CAT,SOD and POD in pollen may be one of the physiological reasons for the low germination rate of semi-heavy valve P.rockii powder.