山黧豆活性成分β-ODAP的检测方法研究进展

Progress in Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Amino Acidβ-ODAP in Lathyrus sativus

β-N-草酰-L-α,β-二氨基丙酸(β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid,β-ODAP)是山黧豆中的一种重要非蛋白氨基酸,与三七中的三七素为同一种次生代谢物,具有止血、兴奋神经、抗菌等多种生物活性。自20世纪60年代和80年代在山黧豆等豆类和三七等植物中分别发现β-ODAP以来,科研工作者建立了多种检测方法。该文对近年来国内外有关检测β-ODAP的传统分析法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、色谱-质谱法(GC/LC-MS)、毛细管电泳法及酶学分析法等的基本原理及应用研究进展进行了综述,这些检测方法各有所长,具体选择依实验条件和实验目的而定。其中,柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法是目前应用最广泛的方法,高成本同位素内标的LC-MS则被誉为“金标准”。但特异、快速和低成本的检测方法一直是人们的追求目标,因而进一步完善酶传感器技术是β-ODAP检测领域在将来的主要研究方向。

The important non-protein amino acidβ-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid(β-ODAP)in Lathyrus sativus and dencichine in Panax notoginseng are the same secondary metabolite.It has various biological activities,such as hemostasis,nerve stimulation,antibacterial,etc..Since it was discovered in L.sativus and other legumes in the 1960s,and in P.notoginseng and other plants in the 1980s,many detection methods forβ-ODAP have been developed.In this review,the basic principles and applications of these methods,including traditional analysis,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/LC-MS),capillary electrophoresis and enzymatic analysis,were assessed and compared.Generally,these methods have their own strengths,and the specific choice depends on the experimental conditions and experimental purposes.Among them,HPLC with pre-column derivatization is currently the most widely used method,while high-cost LC-MS with isotope internal standard is known as the“gold standard”.However,it is the pursuit of goals that the specific,rapid and low-cost strategy forβ-ODAP determination to be developed.The improvement of enzyme sensor technology is therefore the main research direction forβ-ODAP detection in the future.