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京旗小说中文人与乾旦狭邪关系叙事演变

The Narrative Evolution of the Abnormal Relationship between Scholars and Male Actors Playing the Role of Actresses in Jingqi Novels
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摘要 明清两代北京城禁娼不禁优,文人官员规避禁令每邀乾旦侑酒,形成绵延数百年的狎优文化。狎优文化是北京侨寓文人的书写题材,也是京旗作家关注的社会现象。《红楼梦》《品花宝鉴》等小说叙述文人与乾旦交往存在两组对立的情感模式:“发乎情,止于礼仪”的文雅之道;越过性别界限、滥情纵欲的俗陋现实。京旗小说《梅兰芳》《北京》分别沿袭两种模式,揭露民初北京城狎优现象与梨园生态,文人由以往品花者角色化身护花人。“五四”之后,狎优文化残阳夕照,老舍小说《兔》讲述乾旦小陈由票友而下海终至堕落、毁灭的故事。 In Beijing during Ming and Qing Dynasties,there was a ban on prostitution rather than on the emergence of male actors playing the role of actresses,so scholars and officials circumvented the ban by inviting those male actors to parties,thus forming a culture of the homosexual relationship between scholars and such a type of male actors that lasted for hundreds of years.The culture of the homosexual relationship between scholars and that type of male actors is not only the writing theme of Beijing-resident scholars from other places,but also the social phenomenon heeded by Manchu writers residing in Beijing.As described in such novels as A Dream of Red Mansions and Pin Hua Bao Jian,there are two types of opposite emotional modes in the interaction between scholars and those male actors:one is the elegant way of“expressing affection and ending in etiquette”;and the other is the vulgar reality of sexual promiscuity across gender boundaries.Mei Lanfang and Beijing,two novels written by Beijing Manchu writers,follow the two modes respectively,exposing the phenomenon of the relationship between scholars and those male actors as well as the milieu of opera troupes in Beijing City in early Republic of China,when scholars mostly changed from viewers of performances by male actors to protectors of the latter.After the May 4 th Movement,the culture of the abnormal relationship between scholars and those male actors declined,and Lao She’s novel The Rabbit tells the story of Xiao Chen,a male actor playing the role of an actress who started as an amateur actor to a professional one and then turned to business and ended up in depravity and destruction.
作者 付立松 FU Li-song(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)
出处 《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 2022年第1期11-20,共10页 Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金 国家社会科学基金一般项目“老舍与京旗文学现代转型研究”(21BZW123)。
关键词 京旗文学 《品花宝鉴》 穆儒丐 梅兰芳 老舍 Jingqi literature Pin Hua Bao Jian Mu Rugai Mei Lanfang Lao She
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