明代黎族起义首领符南蛇的妖魔化与神圣化

The Demonization and Sanctification of Fu Nanshe,the Leader of the Li People Uprising in the Ming Dynasty

符南蛇是明代弘治年间海南儋州黎族农民起义的首领。从方志中有关符南蛇的记录和民间的符南蛇信仰情况可以推断,符南蛇的形象经历了两种演变:其一是官方统治者对符南蛇的妖魔化,其二是民间黎族人对符南蛇的神圣化。这两种演变经历五百多年的融合,目前,符南蛇已经演变为儋州海头镇、光村镇部分地区的村落保护神和地方保护神。黎族民间对符南蛇的神化过程仍在进行之中。

Fu Nanshe was the leader of the Li farmer uprising in Danzhou,Hainan during the reign of emperor Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty.As can be inferred from the records about Fu Nanshe in local chronicles and the folk belief in Fu Nanshe,the image of Fu Nanshe has undergone two kinds of evolution:one is the demonization of Fu Nanshe by official rulers,and the other is the sanctification of Fu Nanshe by folk Li people.These two types of evolution has been integrated for over 500 years,and at present,Fu Nanshe has evolved into the village protector and local protector in some areas of Haitou Town and Guangcun Town in Danzhou City.The deification of Fu Nanshe among the Li people is still in progress.