舆论引导与监督是新闻媒介社会存在的“试金石”--基于马克思关于报刊的“舆论纸币”理论

The Public Opinion Guidance and Supervision as“the Touchstone”of the Social Existence of News Media--Based on Marx’s Theory on Newspapers and Periodicals as the“Paper Money of the Public Opinion”

社会舆论在马克思主义发展史上占有重要的位置,它是解释和传播社会主义思想的重要舆论工具。报纸是社会舆论的主要载体,承担着引导社会舆论和监督政府权力的双重社会责任,马克思用“舆论纸币”评价报刊的社会地位。马克思、恩格斯以“报纸是作为社会舆论的纸币流通的”总结“报刊的内在规律”,并深度揭示其舆论监督与舆论引导之间的辩证关系。报刊通过搜集客观事实而制造社会舆论,它具有引导与监督的双重功能。在具体的无产阶级革命实践中,报刊作为“舆论纸币”的实践载体,因地制宜创制诸多舆论形态,对社会发展起到了巨大的积极作用。

The social public opinion occupies an important position in the development history of Marxism,and it is an important public opinion position to explain and spread socialist ideas.As the newspaper is the main carrier of the public opinion,and undertakes the dual social responsibilities of guiding the public opinion and supervising the government power,Marx and Engels summed up“the intrinsic law of newspapers”by comparing“the newspaper to the the circulation of paper money as the public opinion”,and deeply revealed the dialectical relationship between the supervision of the public opinion and its guidance.Newspapers and periodicals generate the public opinion by collecting objective facts,which has the dual functions of guidance and supervision.In the specific practice of proletarian revolution,newspapers and periodicals,as the practical carrier of“the public opinion in the form of paper money”,has produced many forms of public opinion according to local conditions,thus having played a huge positive role in social development.