铁路对城镇化发展的影响机制研究

Impact Mechanism of Railway on Urbanization

我国新型城镇化建设正在步入加快推进的重要时期,铁路的建设与发展是促进新型城镇化建设的重要举措,是完善城市综合交通网络的重要途径。基于改进的刘易斯二元经济发展模型,研究铁路影响城镇化发展的内在机制,并进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,铁路通过基础设施投资效应、转移成本效应和交易成本效应的综合作用,影响着城乡人口流动格局和城镇化水平的高低。对我国近20年数据的实证研究表明,目前我国的铁路发展有利于提升城镇化水平,但这种促进作用正在逐步弱化。基于此,提出在新型城镇化发展的背景下,应当进一步明确城际铁路和市域(郊)铁路的功能定位,以及在新型城镇化发展中的作用,在推动轨道交通"四网融合"发展过程中更好地发挥铁路的价值。

Nowadays, the construction path of new urbanization in China is accelerating. The construction and development of railway is an important measure to promote the construction of new urbanization and an important way to improve the urban comprehensive transportation network. This paper studied the impact mechanism of railway on urbanization with an improved Lewis’s dual economic model and made an empirical test. The results show that railway influences the pattern of urban–rural population flow and urbanization through the joint action of infrastructure investment effect, transfer cost effect and transaction cost effect. The empirical research on the data of recent 20 years in China shows that the current development of railway in the country is conducive to promoting urbanization.However, the promotion effect is gradually weakening. Finally, this paper pointed out that in the context of new urbanization, we should further clarify the functions of intercity railway, urban railway and suburban railway and their roles in new urbanization and unleash the potential of railway in boosting the development of rail transit based on “four-in-one integration.”