战后日本侨俘遣返中的卫生防疫——以1946年广东遣送船霍乱疫情为中心

The Infectious Disease Prevention During the Postwar Repatriation of Japanese Civilians and POWS——Focusing on the Cholera Epidemic on Guangdong Repatriation Ships in 1946

1946年4月,由广东出发的多艘日本侨俘遣送船在遣返途中发生霍乱疫情。日本当局将霍乱船只集中于浦贺港,并建立了以“浦贺归国援助局”为核心的防疫指挥机构,开展了全面的卫生防疫工作。防疫措施主要包括检疫消毒、隔离诊疗以及向遣送船供给物资等。虽然受各种条件的限制,防疫措施在具体的实施过程中遇到了重重阻碍,但最终成功防止疫情向日本国内蔓延,取得了一定成效。但是,霍乱疫情依然对浦贺、东京乃至关东地区的经济、社会产生了诸多负面影响。

In April 1946,a cholera epidemic occurred during the repatriation of Japanese civilians and POWs on the repatriation ships departing from Guangdong.The Japanese authorities grouped those ships at Uraga Port and established“Uraga Repatriation Assistance Bureau”as the core commanding institution for the comprehensive cholera control and prevention.The prevention measures mainly included quarantine,disinfection,diagnosis and treatment as well as the material supply to the repatriation ships.Due to the restrictive conditions,those measures encountered great obstacles in the course of implementation,but ultimately it prevented successfully the cholera from spreading to Japan.However,the cholera epidemic still had many negative impacts on the economy and society of Uraga,Tokyo and even the Kanto region.