全面抗战时期国民政府的对美广播宣传(1937—1941)

The National Government’s Broadcasting towards the United States during the Total War of Resistance against Japan(1937—1941)

从卢沟桥事变到太平洋战争爆发,不同时期内,国民政府中承担对美广播的电台不同,播音管理部门及其职权也多有变动,但最终在1940年夏季形成了中央广播事业管理处掌管技术、国民党中央宣传部国际宣传处掌管内容的分工,这加强了对美广播宣传的专业性与隐蔽性。地处中美间的电台之转播是对美传音成功的必要条件,1940年5月后,马尼拉的美国电台与美国人斯图尔特的转接构成了对美传音的稳定新渠道。为增强对美广播宣传效果,中方增加节目时长,调整节目时段,因时制宜地制定宣传重点,但核心诉求始终是推动美国制日援华。得益于中美相关人士的默契合作,国民政府对美广播塑造了与美国在理想、利益层面均有相似性的国家形象,这有助于中国争取美援、坚持抗战。

From the Lugouqiao Incident to the outbreak of the Pacific War,in different periods,the radio stations in the national government responsible for broadcasting towards the United States were different,and there were changes in the broadcasting managements,their functions and powers,but finally in the summer of 1940,a functional division was established between the Central Broadcasting Administration responsible for technology and the Department of International information responsible for the content,which strengthens the professionalism and concealment of the broadcast propaganda towards the United States.The retransmission of radio stations located between China and the United States was a necessary condition for the successful message transmission.After May 1940,the relay between the American radio station in Manila and Stewart,an American constituted a stable new channel for the transmission to the United States.To enhance the effect of broadcasting propaganda to the United States,the Chinese side increased the program length,adjusted the time slots and tailored the broadcasting program to suit the international situation,but the core appeal was always to promote American support for China and sanctions against Japan.Thanks to the cooperation among people concerned in China and the United States,the national government’s broadcasting towards the United States created a national image that was similar to that of the United States in terms of ideals and interests,which helped China to secure American aid during the war of resistance.