中国情境下创新人才培养政策的文献计量分析

A policiometric analysis of the innovative talents cultivation policies in the Chinese context

在国际技术掣肘加剧和国内创新人才供需失衡的现实背景下,优化创新人才培养政策成为实现经济高质量发展的基础。基于中国情境,运用文献计量分析法梳理了中国1996—2019年创新人才培养政策的现状、问题并提出政策方向。研究发现:我国创新人才培养的支持政策力度逐年加大,并经历了“统包统揽-高度集中-主导”三个阶段的政策演变,呈现出线性沉降、区域分化、融合推进、初形集成的形式特征,以及集中于创新价值链中后端、多元不饱和、统分联动却高度自由裁量、开放的形式化的内容特征,在前瞻性、协同性、引导性、规范性、功能性等方面存在不足,导致培养对象的识别不准与结构失衡、政策工具效率损失、组织保障逆向失配及考评结果二维异化等问题。对此,未来政策的优化,需转变重术轻学的观念,加大对基础研究的支持和供给型政策的供应,并辅之以规范和约束;强化知识产权保护,提供保护性或兜底性需求型政策;推动政府职能由主导向引导转变。本文补充了现有相关研究对全局定量分析、中国情境考察的不足。

In the context of increasing international technological constraints and unbalanced supply and demand of domestic innovative talents,the optimization of innovative talents cultivation policies has become the prerequisite and foundation for achieving high-quality economic growth.Based on the Chinese context,this paper has adopted a policiometric approach to sort out the current status and problems of China′s innovative talents cultivation policy from 1996 to 2019,and put forward suggestions on improving relevant policies.According to the research findings,the Chinese government has been putting greater emphasis on the supportive policy for cultivating innovative talents year by year,and relevant policies have evolved through three different stages:"undertaken wholly by the government-highly centralized management by the government-leadership role taken by the government".In addition,Chinese government′s policies on cultivating innovative talents have been characterized by the gradual downgrading of government levels engaged in relevant policy-making,uneven distribution of policies in different parts of China,integrated implementation of various types of policies,and initial formation of a collaboration framework of various policy-makers.Moreover,several features stand out in terms of policy content,which includes the focus on talents at the mid-and-lower end of the innovation value chain,a greater number of supply-based policy tools as compared with environmental policy tools and demand-based policy tools,the combination of both centralized and decentralized management with high discretionary power given to individual official or expert,and a relatively formalized talents examination and evaluation system which has broken free from the traditional mechanism with excessive emphasis on the education background and qualifications of talents.However,there are still some flaws in China′s innovative talents cultivation policies,such as the lack of foresight,poor coordination,weak guiding effect,and deficiencies in standardization and functionality,which have given rise to a number of problems including the failure of identifying the ideal cultivation object and imbalance in the talents cultivation structure,low efficiency of policy tools,and lack of both specialization and authenticity in the examination and assessment results that are used to select talents.In addition,a prominent problem has emerged during the process of policy resource allocation,where the entities in urgent need of policy resources found it hard to gain support,while entities with abundant resources were given easy access to even more policy supports.In view of these problems,an overhaul of relevant policies requires a change in the mindset and a shift of focus from skills to academic study and scientific research.Moreover,the government should provide stronger support for fundamental researches and ramp up the adoption of supply policy tools while applying necessary regulations and constraints.On top of that,the government should reinforce the measures to better protect the intellectual property,roll out protective demand policies and economic cushion policies to provide fallback for business owners in times of difficulty,and facilitate the transformation of government functions from leading the people to guiding the people.This paper has filled in the gap in the current researches for its contribution in the following aspects:comprehensive study of China′s overall innovative talents cultivation policy system,quantitative analysis of these policies,and review of these policies in the Chinese context.