1914—1915年广西“迁省”风波探究

On the Political Struggle Concerning Guangxi’s Relocation of Its Provincial Capital from 1914 to 1915

省治所适当与否,不仅关系到一省发展,更与地缘政治发展息息相关。肇端于清季的广西迁省之争一直延续到民国初年。民国元年曾在广西激发了政争,但并未最终解决。张鸣岐主掌广西民政之后,提出省会迁回桂林。此议得到了桂林绅商的大力支持,却遭到了南宁方面极端抵制。都督陆荣廷从最初表面支持,继而暗中指使军官反对,最后直接发电反对迁省。由于地方实力派强力反对,正在筹备帝制的袁世凯遂收回成命。1914—1915年广西迁省风波不止是民元政争的延续,亦非简单的党派之争,而是反映出民国初年中央与地方权力的博弈和边疆治理理念的变迁。

The location of a provincial capital not only concerns the development of a province, but also closely relates to the development of its geopolitics.The dispute over the relocation of Guangxi’s capital, which began in the Qing dynasty, continued until the early years of the Republic of China.In the first year of the Republic of China, political disputes were aroused in Guangxi, but they were not solved in the end.After Zhang Mingqi took charge of Guangxi’s civil affairs, he proposed to move the provincial capital back to Guilin.This proposal was strongly supported by gentry and businessmen in Guilin, but was extremely resisted by people in Nanning.Governor Lu Rongting superficially supported this proposal at first, then secretly instructed the officers to oppose, and finally directly objected to the relocation proposal.Due to the strong opposition of the local power, Yuan Shikai, who was preparing for the imperial system, withdrew his order.The political struggle concerning Guangxi’s relocation of provincial capital from 1914 to 1915 was not merely the continuation of the political struggle in the first year of the Republic of China, nor a simple party struggle, but reflected the game between the central and local powers, and the change of the concept of border governance in the early years of the Republic of China.