中国共产党涉海纲领性文献流变及其国际法治逻辑

The Evolution of the CPC’s Guideline Documents on Maritime Affairs and Its Logic of International Rule of Law

中国共产党涉海纲领性文献以其特有的方式记录、传播、表达和阐释中国共产党和中国政府在海洋治理领域的立场、观点与主张,是中国共产党在涉海领域治国理政的重要依据和导向。中国共产党涉海纲领性文献的流变,可以分为表达海洋主权、初步践行海洋国际合作与运用海洋法、敢于海洋维权、重视海洋立法以及倡导海洋命运共同体理念等演进阶段。中国共产党涉海纲领性文献流变具有凸显时代特征、彰显国际法价值以及追求包容性的特质,蕴含着多元的国际法治范畴,展示了一个政党与国际法治互动的新图景。与此同时,中国共产党涉海纲领性文献国际法治的历史规律与经验应该得到重视,包括充分利用涉海国际法治逐渐发展的属性、探索和倡导海洋命运共同体理念的创新。不仅如此,中国共产党涉海纲领性文献的国际法治逻辑在于,其催生了"国家实践"的新样态,即一个执政党的主张和声明,在特定情境下可以构成国际法意义上的"国家实践"。除此以外,中国共产党涉海纲领性文献流变在一定程度上可以发展或者补白传统国内法与国际法关系的体系和理论,不仅弥合了政党与政府(立法)在涉海治理机制领域的空隙,而且缓解了中国未将"国际条约入宪"的司法压力。

The CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs are unique records,dissemination,expression and interpretation of the stance,views and proposition of the CPC and Chinese government on maritime governance.They underlie the CPC’s governance in maritime affairs.The evolution of the CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs can be divided into five stages:the stage of claiming maritime sovereignty,the stage of initially implementing the concept of maritime community,the stage of safeguarding maritime rights,the stage of emphasizing maritime legislation,and the stage of advocating the maritime community with a shared future.The CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs are symptomatic of the times,the value of international law,the CPC’s aspiration for inclusiveness,cover diverse areas of international rule of law,and provide a new picture of the interaction between a political party and international rule of law.At the same time,we should pay attention to the historical rules and experience of the international rule of law of the CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs,making full use of the gradual development of the international rule of law,addressing China’s inadequate involvement in the formulation of international rules of ocean governance,and exploring and innovating the concept of the maritime community with a shared future.Moreover,the logic of international rule of law of the CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs lies in the fact that it has nurtured a new form of“state practice”:the propositions and statements of a ruling party constitute the“state practice”in the sense of international law under certain circumstances.In addition,the evolution of the CPC’s guideline documents on maritime affairs help develop and fill the gap in the traditional theory on the relationship between domestic law and international law.This not only bridges the gap between the political party and the government(legislation)in the maritime governance mechanism,but also relieves the judicial pressure for China not incorporating“International Treaties into the Constitution”.