辽朝横帐新论

New Research on Heng-zhang During the Liao Dynasty

"横帐"是辽史研究中争议最大的问题之一。记载横帐制度最全面的史料《辽史·百官志》"北面皇族帐官"条,源出《皇子表》。根据帝系及皇族范围变化的线索,推知"横帐"并非一项固定不变的制度。辽初或以阿保机为中心的御帐横向单列,遥辇九帐与皇族帐左右辅翼,最迟到圣宗时期,孟、仲、季三房已经编入横帐序列。仅凭目前史料,所谓二院皇族隶属横帐说尚难以坐实。根据制度的发展脉络,重审契丹文石刻所见"横帐"及其意涵,可以探知统治者对祖先历史的改造历程:最初从太祖帝系扩及玄祖及三父房,最后将二院部整合其中,形成以整个迭剌部为核心的统治家族。

Heng-zhang(the Emperor’s Orudo) is one of the most controversial issues in the study of Liao history.The Article of the North Royal Zhangguan from History of Liao:Official Posts,the most detailed and comprehensive historical material that had recorded the system of Heng-zhang, was compiled by historians from the Yuan dynasty according to the List of Princes or the Biography of the Royal Family by Chen Daren.Throughout the Liao dynasty, the members of the imperial family that were addressed as Heng-zhang were not changeless.It had gone through a process of gradual development and evolution.The original Heng-zhang probably referred to the posterity of Abaoji.In the context of institutional development, this essay discusses the concept of “Heng-zhang” based on Khitan scripts.Khitan ancestral history initially expanded from the lineage of Emperor Taizu to the lineage of Xuanzu and the Houses of Three Fathers afterwards.Finally, the ruling family with Die-la tribe as the core was shaped.