南京国民政府对日本渗透华南地区的应对——以福建事变为中心

The Nanjing National Government’s Response to Japan’s Infiltration in South China: Centering on the Fujian Incident

九一八事变后,日本对中国的觊觎与侵略有全方位的战略考量,除在华北步步进逼外,日本也意图渗透华南地区,扶植亲日反蒋政权削弱南京国民政府。福建事变爆发前,日本对福建的渗透,既是基于日本传统的对闽政策,也意在利用粤桂闽三省的反蒋力量。福建事变爆发后,福建人民政府虽明确表示反蒋,但也与日本和中共协调以求生存。台湾军企图暗中干涉福建事变,南京国民政府则针锋相对展开行动。日本因素遂成为解决福建事变中各方博弈的重要筹码。南京国民政府利用民族情感,制造了陈铭枢等人“联共通日”的舆论,同时也联系日本,力图避免日本干涉。随着福建人民政府的垮台,福建事变落幕。在日本侵华背景下,围绕福建事变中日本因素的明争暗斗显示,对日关系已成为国民党内争中各方进行政治博弈的重要因素。

After the September 18th Incident, Japan had a full range of strategic considerations for its invasion of China.In addition to advancing in North China, Japan also intended to infiltrate South China and cultivate the pro-Japanese and anti-Chiang regime to weaken the National Government.Before the outbreak of the Fujian Incident, Japan’s infiltration in Fujian was not only based on Japan’s traditional policy towards Fujian, but also intended to make use of the anti-Chiang forces in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian.After the outbreak of the incident, although the Fujian People’s Revolutionary Government explicitly expressed its opposition to Chiang Kai-Shek, it also coordinated its relations with Japan and the Communist Party of China to survive.Japanese army in Taiwan attempted to interfere in the Fujian Incident, and the National Government took tit-for-tat actions.Thus, the Japanese factor became an important bargaining chip to solve the Fujian Incident.The National Government made use of national sentiment to create the public opinion that Chen Mingshu, the leader of the Fujian Incident, was “collaborating with Japan and the Communist Party of China”.At the same time, it also contacted Japan to try to avoid Japanese interference.With the collapse of the Fujian People’s Revolutionary Government, the Fujian Incident came to an end.Under the background of Japan’s invasion of China, the conflict around the Japanese factor in the Fujian Incident shows that the relations with Japan had become an important factor in the political game of the Kuomintang’s various parties.