西藏自治区5岁及以下留守儿童卫生服务需要与利用现状研究

Study on Health Service Demand and Utilization of Left-behind Children under 5 Years Old in Tibet

目的:对比西藏留守儿童与非留守儿童卫生服务需要与利用现状,为促进留守儿童健康公平性提供理论依据。方法:利用国家第五次卫生服务调查(西藏调查含扩点项目)数据,对1 485名儿童数据进行分析。结果:5岁以下留守儿童337名(占22.69%);与非留守儿童相比,留守儿童的农牧区户口所占比例较高、家庭规模较小和家庭年均收入较低(P<0.05);留守儿童和非留守儿童两周患病率为5.67%和6.07%,均以患呼吸系统疾病为主,患儿两周就诊率分别为84.21%和75.36%,首诊机构选择基层医疗机构的分别占37.50%和30.77%,患病后未治疗的原因均已自感病轻为主。结论:留守儿童健康状况不容忽视,建议卫生行政部门应加强基层医疗机构儿科医生诊疗能力建设,加大儿童监护人健康教育力度,保障儿童健康成长。

Objective:To compare the differences in the demand and utilization of health services for non-left-behind childern(non-LBC) and LBC in Tibet,and to provide empirical evidence and policy suggestion to improve health for promoting the health growth.Methods:The data of the 5 th national health services survey of Tibet Province in 2013 were used to analyze the data of 1485 children.Results:There are 337 left-behind children under 5 years old.The proportion of left-behind children in rural areas is higher,the family size is smaller,and the average annual family income is lower than those of non-left-behind children(P<0.05).The two-week prevalence rates of LBC and non-LBC were 5.67% and 6.07%,both of which were mainly suffering from respiratory diseases.The two-week consultation rates for children were 84.21% and 75.36%.37.50% and 30.77% of the first consultation institutions choose primary medical institutions respectively,the main reasons for not being treated after illness were self-infection.Conclusion:The health status of LBC cannot be ignored.It is recommended that the health administration department should strengthen the capacity building of pediatricians in primary medical institutions,increase the health education of child guardians,and ensure the healthy growth of children.