喷杆喷雾机在小麦田减量喷雾作业的效果探究

Research on the pesticide deposition and control effects of the boom sprayer with reduced spray volume in wheat field

通过在小麦田开展喷杆喷雾机施药防治病虫害的试验,探究该施药方式下减少药液量对农药沉积量、利用率、防治小麦病虫效果以及小麦产量的影响,以明确该药械在麦田减量喷雾作业的效果及适宜参数。研究结果表明,与常规施液量450 L/hm^(2)相比,喷施药液量降至150 L/hm^(2)可显著提高药液在小麦冠层的沉积量和沉积利用率,在小麦冠层上、中、下层的沉积量分别从3.30、1.62、0.97μg/cm^(2)增至4.51、2.31、1.65μg/cm^(2),沉积利用率从43.6%升至57.6%。各处理药后14 d对小麦锈病的防效均达90%以上,差异不显著。喷施药液450 L/hm^(2)和150 L/hm^(2)的处理,药后7 d对小麦蚜虫的防效相当,分别为95.5%和92.6%。施药处理区小麦产量均显著高于空白对照区。综合考虑得出:在喷杆喷雾机麦田作业最佳喷施药液量150 L/hm^(2)条件下,杀菌剂可较其推荐剂量减少30%,杀虫剂则取其推荐剂量使用。

To study the spraying effect and determ ine the optimal application parameters of the self-propelled boom sprayer with reduced spray volume in the wheat field, we evaluated the pesticide deposition and utilization, pest control effects, and wheat yield by using a boom sprayer with reduced pesticide volume. The results showed that, compared with the conventional application of 450 L/hm^(2), the deposition amount and deposition utilization rate of the solution in the wheat canopy significantly improved when the application volume was 150 L/hm^(2). The deposition amount of the solution in the upper, middle, and lower layers of the wheat canopy increased from 3.30, 1.62, and 0.97 μg/cm^(2)to 4.51, 2.31, and 1.65 μg/cm^(2), respectively, and the deposition utilization rate increased from 43.6% to 57.6%. The control effects of boom sprayer with pesticide volume of 450 L/hm^(2)and 150 L/hm^(2)on wheat rust reached over 90% after 14 days of application,with no significant difference in between. The effects of pesticide sprayed with the volume of 450 L/hm^(2)and 150 L/hm^(2)on wheat aphids after seven days of application were equivalent to each other, which were 95.5% and 92.6%, respectively.The wheat yield in the treated area was significantly higher than the blank control. After thorough consideration, when applying the boom sprayer with the optimal spray volume of 150 L/hm^(2)in the wheat field, the fungicide could be reduced by 30% from the recommended dose, while the pesticides could be applied at the recommended dose.