二战后美国研究型大学与城市互动的历程考察

Universities and Cities:The Survey of the Interaction Process Between American Research Universities and Cities after World War Ⅱ

二战不仅是美国大学发展的分水岭,也是美国大学与城市互动的分界线。追溯美国大学的历史,长期以来大学与城市的接触有限。二战后,学术科研的实用价值与学术理论价值一并凸显,以致面临发展、转型、生存需要的城市与大学的联系日趋密切;大学也基于自我发展不断跳出象牙塔,涉足世俗领域,与城市不断"联姻"。基于文化差异,大学与城市在合作中自然分歧不断,并在磨合中不断融合,昔日锈迹斑斑的城市转型,升级为"田园牧歌"般的智慧之城、知识之城,美国模式日益成为楷模与样板。大学与城市的互动发展不可逆,探究二战后美国大学与城市互动势必对当前我国智慧城市、科技园区的建设大有裨益。

World War Ⅱ is not only the watershed of the development of American universities, but also the dividing line of the interaction between universities and cities in America. Tracing back to the history, American universities had limited contact with cities for a long time. After the Second World War, the practical value and theoretical value of academic research have become prominent, so that the cities facing the needs of development, transformation and survival have been increasingly closely connected with universities. Based on self-development, universities have been constantly jumping out of the ivory tower and stepping into the secular field. On account of cultural differences, universities and cities naturally diverged from each other in cooperation, and constantly merged in run-in. The former rust-stained cities have transformed into "idyllic" ones of wisdom and knowledge, and the American model has increasingly become a model and template. The interaction between universities and cities is irreversible. The study of the interaction in the United States after World War Ⅱ is bound to be of great benefit to the construction of smart cities and technology parks in China.