转型期高等教育投入结构演变的中俄比较及启示

Sino-Russia Comparison and the Enlightenment on the Evolution of Higher Education Investment Structure in the Transitional Period

通过梳理1992-2018年中俄两国高等教育投入数据发现,两国在经济体制转型期间高等教育投入结构的演进路径类似,即财政投入呈现"U型"演进趋势,非财政投入呈现"倒U型"演进趋势。研究发现,在转型初期,高等教育成本分担是两国高等教育财政投入占比下降的共同原因,扩招与经济衰退导致的财政减收分别是中俄高等教育财政投入占比下降的特殊原因。转型后期,由于两国国家财力提升,其高等教育财政投入占比均出现回升。为应对转型期高等教育财政经费不足,俄罗斯非财政经费筹资方式相对多样化,而中国高等教育筹资高度依赖学费收入,社会投入占比长期偏低。今后,中国应继续促进经济发展以保证政府教育财政投入力度,优化高等教育多元化筹资渠道,尤其是要大力促进民办高校发展,增加社会投入,以优化高等教育投入结构。

In the Sino-Russia higher education investment data from year 1992 to 2018, it is found that the evolution paths of higher education investment structure in the two countries during the economic system transformation are similar: the financial investment proportion shows a U-shaped evolution, while non-financial investment proportion shows an inverted U-shaped evolution. In the evolutionary logic, at initial stage of transformation period, higher educational cost sharing was the common reason for the declining of Sino-Russia higher education financial investment proportion for both countries, while the expansion of enrollment rate and the fiscal revenue decline caused by the economic recession were respectively the special reasons for the Sino-Russia higher education financial investment proportion decline. In the late stage of transformation, the proportion of their higher education financial investment proportion rebounded. To handle the shortage of financial funds for higher education, non-financial fund-raising in Russian is relatively diversified, while that in China is highly dependent on tuition income,and the proportion of social investment has been low for a long time. In the future, China should continue to promote economic development to ensure government financial investment in education, optimize diversified funding channels for higher education, promote the development of private universities, and increase social investment, so as to optimize the investment structure of higher education.