区域资源环境承载力科学概念及其生态学基础的讨论

Discussion on the scientific concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity and its ecological basis

资源环境承载力是生态学领域的一个重要概念,其理论和实践研究已成为衡量区域可持续发展的重要依据。但是有关生态学基础与资源环境承载力的科学联系仍未明确,其中有哪些生态学理论对资源环境承载力的发展起到了支撑作用还没被厘清,这使得资源环境承载力的科学概念十分模糊。本文在讨论资源环境、生态系统承载力科学概念及其发展的基础上,系统讨论了生物可占用的空间生态位容积,生态系统可承受环境胁迫压力的生态阈值,气候、水和营养等可持续供给的潜在资源容量(供给能力),以及缓冲和净化污染物质的环境容量等基本概念。进而从地基压强承载能力、空间容量承载力及生态阈值承载力的生物物理学角度,定义了自然资源供给承载力(NRSCC)、自然环境承载力(NECC)、生物种群发展承载力(CCBPD)、社会经济发展承载力(CCSED)和生态系统环境胁迫承载力(CCESE)的科学概念。并深入讨论了生态系统的生物种群增长及生态容量理论、生态系统多功能性及资源环境效应理论、生态系统多稳态及自适应自组织理论等3个核心生态学基础问题。期望能够通过探讨区域资源环境承载力评估的理论和方法,为区域资源环境利用、保护及社会经济可持续发展提供理论依据。

The carrying capacity of resources and environment is an essential concept in ecology,the theoretical and practical research of which has become an important basis for measuring regional sustainable development.However,the scientific connection between the ecological foundation and the carrying capacity of resources and environment is still unclear.Moreover,it remains unknown which ecological theories played a supporting role in the development of the resources and environment carrying capacity,which makes the scientific concept of carrying capacity very vague.Based on the discussion of the scientific concepts and development of the carrying capacity of resources and environmen,we systematically discussed the basic concepts,such as the niche volume that organisms can occupy,the ecological threshold of ecosystems to withstand environmental stress,the potential resource capacity(supply capacity)of sustainable supply such as climate,water and nutrition,and the environmental capacity of buffering and purifying pollutants.Furthermore,from the biophysical point perspective of foundation pressure bearing capacity,spatial capacity carrying capacity and ecological threshold carrying capacity,the scientific concepts of Natural Resources Supply Carrying Capacity(NRSCC),Nature Environment Carrying Capacity(NECC),Carrying Capacity of Biological Population Development(CCBPD),Carrying Capacity of Social and Economic Development(CCSED)and Carrying Capacity of Environmental Stress in Ecosystems(CCESE)were defined.Finally,three basic issues of ecology were discussed in detail,including the theory of population growth and the ecological capacity of the ecosystem,the theory of ecosystem multi-functionality and resource and environmental effects,and the theory of alternative stable states,self-adaptability,and self-organization.Based on exploring the theory and method of regional resource environmental assessment,this study would provide theoretical basis for regional resource environment utilization,protection and social and economic sustainable development.