灌溉频率对日光温室早春茬黄瓜果实发育及根系分布的影响

Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Fruit Development and Root Distribution of Early Spring Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse

为制定宁夏引黄灌区日光温室早春茬黄瓜水分灌溉制度,基于水肥一体化技术,采用田间试验的方法,研究不同灌溉频率下日光温室黄瓜果实发育及根系分布变化特征。结果表明:试验黄瓜茎蔓、叶片数和果实发育均呈现慢-快-慢的“S”形生长趋势,中频灌溉处理TR2可以促进株高、叶片数量和坐果数量的同步增加,同时利于果实膨大和单果重的增加。日光温室早春茬黄瓜根系干物质量在0~20 cm土层中占总根系量85%以上。不同生育阶段各灌溉频率对黄瓜根系生长量的影响存在差异,在黄瓜生育中早阶段,随着灌溉间隔的加大,0~20 cm土层根系生物量增加,但在黄瓜生育后期,低频灌溉处理TR3的根系生物量显著下降,中频灌溉处理TR2根系生物量最高,同时果实产量最高达到115365 kg/hm^(2)。因此,在宁夏地区引黄灌区日光温室早春茬黄瓜生产中,平均日均温约22℃,单次灌水定额70.05 m^(3)/hm^(2)的条件下,黄瓜结果期的灌溉间隔以2~3 d为宜,产量和水分利用效率最高,产量高达115365 kg/hm^(2),水分利用效率为42.51 kg/m^(3)。

Based on the integrated technology of water and fertilizer,the effects of different irrigation frequency on the yield and root distribution of cucumber in solar greenhouse was studied in order to provide the basis for formulating water management system of early spring cucumber production in Ningxia irrigation area.The results showed that the stem,leaf number and fruit development of cucumber showed a low-fast-low growth trend.Medium frequency irrigation treatment(TR2)could promote the simultaneous increase of plant height leaf number and fruit number,as well as fruit expansion and single fruit weight.In the early spring cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse,the dry matter weight of cucumber root accounted for more than 85%of the total root amount in 0~20 cm soil layer.The effect of different irrigation frequency on root growth was different in different growth stages of cucumber.In the early stage of cucumber growth,with the increase of irrigation interval,the root biomass and 0~20 cm soil distribution proportion increased.However,in the late growth stage,the root biomass of low-frequency irrigation treatment(TR3)was significantly decreased and the root biomass of TR2 was the highest with the highest yield of 115365 kg/hm^(2).Therefore,for the early spring production of cucumber in solar greenhouse in Ningxia irrigation area,under the condition that the average daily temperature is about 22℃and the single irrigation quota is 70.05 m^(3)/hm^(2),the optimal irrigation interval of cucumber fruit bearing period is 2~3 d,the yield and water use efficiency are the highest,up to 115365 kg/hm^(2),and the water use efficiency is 42.51 kg/m^(3).