前茬灌溉对夏玉米灌浆特性、土壤呼吸和产量的影响研究

Effect of Previous Crop Irrigation on Grain Filling Characteristics,Soil Respiration and Yield of Summer Maize

为明确夏玉米前茬冬小麦的灌溉对其籽粒灌浆特性、土壤呼吸速率和产量的影响,在黑龙港流域大田环境下冬小麦季设置5种灌溉制度(W0,W1,W2,W3,W4),夏玉米季不作水分处理,分析夏玉米灌浆特性、产量和土壤呼吸速率及其影响因素。结果表明:夏玉米对土壤水的消耗量和全生育期总耗水量随冬小麦灌溉次数的增加而增加;通过Logistic模型拟合得出夏玉米的粒重与时间拟合效果良好,夏玉米的灌浆持续时间随灌溉次数的增加而延长,W0处理较W1、W2、W3和W4处理提前达到最大灌浆速率且持续时间最短,W2处理最大灌浆速率(V_(m))和平均灌浆速率(V_(a))均最大,分别为1.17 g/d和0.57 g/d;夏玉米的土壤呼吸速率与土壤体积含水率和土壤温度均呈正相关,与不同处理土壤体积含水率相关性均达到显著,与W0和W1处理土壤温度相关性达到显著,夏玉米全生育期平均土壤呼吸速率和总排放量均在W2处理最小,分别为5.78μmol/(m^(2)·s)和2260.75 g/m^(2);前茬灌溉制度对夏玉米农艺性状、产量和产量构成要素无显著影响,但夏玉米产量随冬小麦季灌水次数的增加而增加。综上所述,W2处理在保证产量和节水的同时还可以有效降低温室气体的排放,达到节水减排不减产的目的,为最佳的灌溉制度。

In order to clarify the effects of irrigation on grain filling characteristics,soil respiration rate and yield of summer maize,five irrigation systems(W0,W1,W2,W3,W4)were set in winter wheat season under the field environment of Heilonggang Basin,and no water treatment was applied in summer maize season.The grain filling characteristics,yield,soil respiration rate and its influencing factors of summer maize were analyzed.The results showed that the soil water consumption of summer maize and the total water consumption in the whole growth period increased with the increase of irrigation times of winter wheat.The fitting effect of grain weight and time of summer maize by Logistic model was good.The filling duration of summer maize was prolonged with the increase of irrigation times.Compared with W1,W2W3 and W4,W0 treatment reached the maximum filling rate in advance and the duration was the shortest.The maximum filling rate(V_(m))and average filling rate(V_(a))of W2 treatment were 1.17 g/d and 0.57 g/d,respectively.The soil respiration rate of summer maize was positively correlated with soil volumetric water content and soil temperature.The correlation between soil respiration rate and soil volumetric water content of different treatments was significant.The correlation between soil respiration rate and soil temperature of W0 and W1 treatments was significant.The average soil respiration rate and total emission of summer maize during the whole growth period were the lowest in W2treatment,which were 5.78μmol/(m^(2)·s)and 2260.75 g/m^(2),respectively.The previous irrigation system had no significant indigenous effect on the agronomic traits,yield and yield components of summer maize,but the yield of summer maize increased with the increase of irrigation times in winter wheat season.In summary,W2 treatment can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions while ensuring yield and water saving,so as to achieve the purpose of saving water and reducing emissions without reducing production,which is the best irrigation system.