文化自信何以可能:马克思对资本主义文化的三重批判及当代价值

Why Cultural Confidence Has Become a Reality:Marx’s Threefold Critique of Capitalist Culture and Its Contemporary Value

马克思从哲学、经济、文化意识形态展开对资本主义文化的深刻批判,揭示了资本主义文化本质是维护资产者利益的阶级文化。从哲学层面看,资本主义文化的革命性为新社会形态的实现提供可能,但真实意图是实现文化霸权。从经济层面看,资本主义文化以资本的全球扩张实现资本增值和文化渗透,彰显了资本文明的逐利性和剥削性;从文化意识形态层面看,西方国家以"平等""民主""博爱"的"普世价值"只是欺骗劳动者口号。时当百年未有之大变局,西方国家的治理危机验证了资本主义文化难以解决世界问题,甚至会对社会造成威胁。然而,中华文化的制度优越性和深厚的历史积淀超越资本文明的弊端,既彰显文化自信又推动多元文化达成价值共识。因此,马克思文化批判理论穿越时空展现历史的穿透力和现实的阐释力,有助于认清西方"普世价值"的话语陷阱,为新时期中国坚定文化自信建设文化强国提供理论资源和现实指导。

Marx launched a profound critique of capitalist culture in philosophy, economy, and cultural ideology, revealing that capitalist culture is essentially a class culture that defends the interests of the bourgeoisie.In philosophy, the revolutionary character of capitalist culture provides the possibility of a new social form,but its intention is to achieve cultural hegemony. In economy, capitalist culture realizes capital appreciation and cultural penetration through global capital expansion, which highlights the profit-seeking and exploitative nature of capital civilization. In cultural ideology, the“ universal values ”of the West such as“ equality ”,“democracy”, and“fraternity”are merely slogans to deceive laborers. Today, in the backdrop of an unprecedented world pattern, the governance crisis in the West has proven that, instead of solving the global problem,the capitalist culture has even posed a threat to the society. In contrast, the institutional superiority and profound history of Chinese culture have overcome the shortcomings of capitalist civilization, not only by demonstrating the cultural confidence, but also by promoting multicultural consensus on values. Therefore,Marx ’s theory of cultural critique shows the power of historical penetration and realistic interpretation beyond time and space, which helps identify the discursive trap of“universal values”and provides theoretical resources and practical guidance for China to build a country with advanced culture and firm cultural confidence in the new era.