中国防沙治沙实践与沙漠科学发展的70年——Ⅰ.初创篇

The practice on prevention and control of aeolian desertification and the development of desert science in China for 70 years:Startups part

防沙治沙工作自新中国成立之初就是国家层面上的重要任务。随着国家大规模社会经济活动的展开,干旱半干旱区的绿洲、农田、牧场、公路、铁路、渠道、乡镇村落和一些重要基础设施都面临着风沙危害,需要积极应对,开展防沙治沙工作。而面对沙漠科学基本空白的科研工作者们,则需要在形成防沙治沙关键科技支撑的同时,发展中国沙漠科学,这就是20世纪50年代任务带学科的一个典型。本文作为中国防沙治沙的实践与沙漠科学发展70年的初创篇,简要地回顾了20世纪50年代自中央政府、各省(区)主管部门到科研单位、大学及科学家和团队在开拓防沙治沙与沙漠科学的战略性、前瞻性和可行性的思考与实践。从国家政策和预算支持、防沙治沙任务导向和目标确立,到政府管理机构、铁路与林业部门、中国科学院与大学等同心协作、相互支援、联合攻关的努力,开启了中国防沙治沙的实践与沙漠科学发展的里程。

The prevention and control of aeolian desertification is a national important tasks since the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Along with the expansion of economic construction,the problem of blown-sand disaster/aeolian disaster impacts seriously on the oasis,farmland,meadow,trafficway,railway,irrigation ditch,villages and towns,some key infrastructures and bases in arid and semiarid regions which need startover of prevention and control of aeolian desertification as soon as possible. In the face of need to solve the problem,although the scientists and academic groups possessed nearly blank of desert science,they must achieve the science and technology support as well as to develop the desert science. It was a typical instance of task promoting science development in 1950 s. This paper,as the startup part of the practice on prevention and control of aeolian desertification and the development of desert science in China for 70 years,brief retrospect the consideration and practice of the strategic,perspectiveness and practicability on exploiting prevention and control of aeolian desertification from the central and provinces government’s departments to the scientific research units,universities and the team of scientists and individuals. Thanks to the efforts of work together,mutual support and joint research from the national policy and budget support,task-oriented and target acquisition to government management agency in different levels,department of railways and forestry,Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities,the practice on prevention and control of aeolian desertification and the development of desert science in China came to start the course of development.