低温冷凉区不同覆盖方式对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响

Effect of Different Coverage Methods on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Maize in Low Temperature Cold Zone

针对吉林省低温冷凉区存在低温冷害造成的玉米产量低的问题,以地膜和秸秆为覆盖材料,研究不同材料覆盖对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响,明确不同覆盖方式对低温冷害的防御效果。结果表明,地膜覆盖能有效提高地温,使玉米生育期内的有效积温提高160.9℃,而秸秆覆盖则降低地温。地膜覆盖可显著提高玉米的叶绿素含量,单株干物质重量,光合势、叶片及茎鞘的干物质输出率及转运率,使产量较裸地种植提高47.0%。相比地膜覆盖和裸地,秸秆覆盖条件下的玉米产量最低。因此,在低温冷凉区,地膜覆盖是解决低温冷害、提高玉米产量、拓宽品种选择范围的一种有效途径。

Aiming at the problem of low yield of maize caused by chilling injury in low temperature cold zone in Jilin Province,film and straw as cover materials were used to study the effects of different coverage methods on dry matter accumulation and yield of maize,defining the defense effect of different coverage methods on low temperature chillingdamage.The results showed that mulchingfill could effectivelyincrease soil temperature and increasing the effective accumulated temperature of maize during its growth period by 160.9℃,while the straw mulching could reduce soil temperature.Mulching film could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of maize,dry matter weight of per plant,photosynthetic potential,output rate of dry matter of leaf and stem sheath and transfer rate,so that the yield can be increased by 47.0%compared with bare soil cultivation.Compared with film mulching and bare land,yield of maize was the lowest under straw mulching.Therefore,in the low temperature cold area,film mulching is an effective way to solve the cold damage,improve corn yield and widen the variety selection rage.