核糖体DNA调控肿瘤发生的研究进展

Research progress of tumorigenesis regulated by ribosomal DNA

目的对核糖体DNA(ribosomal DNA,rDNA)不稳定性在肿瘤发生发展中的关键作用进行综述,以加深对肿瘤发展机制的了解。方法查阅国内外发表的36篇rDNA与肿瘤发生的相关文献,分析并总结rDNA不稳定性在肿瘤中的作用。结果rDNA是基因组中最脆弱的位点,肿瘤细胞中易发生rDNA拷贝数丢失、DNA双链断裂以及重排等。更重要的是,rDNA不稳定性调节异染色质的状态并影响全基因组的转录。结论rDNA不稳定性在恶性肿瘤发生发展中发挥了至关重要的作用。有关rDNA不稳定性的研究将深入理解肿瘤发生发展的过程并对癌症预防和治疗产生重大影响。

Objective To better understand mechanisms of tumor tumorigenesis and progression,the critical function of ribosomal DNA(rDNA)instability was reviewed.Methods Based on 36 domestic and international articles referring to rDNA in tumorigenesis,the functional role of rDNA instability were summarized and analyzed.Results rDNAs is one of the most fragile regions in the genome characterized with frequent copy number loss,DNA double strand breaks,and chromatin rearrangements.Importantly,rDNA instability regulates the heterochromatin state and affects genome-wide transcription.Conclusion rDNA instability plays a vital role in the development of malignant tumors.Studies on rDNA instability will not only deepen the understanding of tumorigenesis and progression,but also have a major impact on cancer prevention and treatment.