江淮稻-麦周年小麦品种耐渍性评价鉴定研究

Evaluation of waterlogging tolerance of rice-wheat annual wheatin Jianghuai region

渍害是江淮地区稻茬小麦主要气象灾害之一,选用耐渍抗逆小麦品种是主动抗灾的直接有效技术途径,但小麦耐渍性评价至今尚无行业标准,鉴定时期也不尽统一。对江淮小麦生产上主推品种经预试验后选择产量表现较好(≥6000 kg·hm^(-2))的41个小麦品种,于2019—2021年连续在孕穗期进行渍水胁迫处理,调查分析正常生长(对照)和渍水胁迫条件下参试品种农艺指标和产量构成的变化,建立了江淮地区以实际产量为筛选指标的评价鉴定标准:保收率≥75%,且孕穗期渍害处理后实收产量≥5250 kg·hm^(-2)。苏隆128、扬麦13、苏麦188、扬麦20和扬麦23等15个品种耐渍性较强,这些品种在江淮东部的江苏、西部的安徽、豫南和鄂北地区种植均表现较好抗逆稳产性,为江淮稻-麦周年丰产高效品种选用提供技术支持。

Waterlogging is one of main meteorological disaster that can occur during the whole growth period of wheat in Jianghuai region in rice-wheat system,and influence wheat seed emergence,growth and yield.The selection of waterlogging-resistant and stress-resistant wheat varieties is a direct and effective way to resist waterlogging.However,there is no industry standard for the evaluation of waterlogging tolerance and the identification period is not uniform.In this study,41 wheat varieties with high yield performance(≥6000 kg·hm^(-2))were selected from the main varieties in Jianghuai region after pre-test and artificial simulated waterlogging stress was conducted at booting stage in 2019 and 2021.Agronomic indexes and yield components were investigated.Besides,the yield under waterlogging treatment and the waterlogging damage coefficient of yield components were calculated.Results suggested that the actual yield≥5250 kg·hm^(-2) and the harvest rate≥75%could be severed as the waterlogging toleranc indexes.According to these indexes,15 waterlogging tolerance varieties,such as Sulong 128,Yangmai 13,Sumai 188,Yangmai 20 and Yangmai 23,were screened and recommended.These varieties showed good stress resistance and stable yield in the eastern part of the Yangtze-Huaihe River(Jiangsu),in the western part of the Yangtze-Huaihe River(Anhui),in the southern of Henan and in the northern of Hubei.These results provided guidance for variety selection to ensure high yield and high efficiency of rice-wheat system in the Yangtze-Huaihe River.