浸润与连通:胡适现实主义文学观述论

Infiltration and connection:Review of the causes of Hu Shi's realistic literary view

胡适的现实主义文学观是杜甫、白居易以及元稹等人之文学观念的清醒延续,尤其是白居易“救济人病,裨补时阙”的文学主张对其影响深巨。但西方体验对其文学观的形成也同样起到了相当关键的作用,开阔了其阅读视野,深化了文学体验,丰富了理论储备,使其文学观念产生了新变和质变。进化史观、实用主义哲学、近现代欧美文学中的自然主义、批判现实主义、人道主义、“易卜生主义”等丰厚的西方文学文化资源有效充实并强化了他早期所接受的中国传统现实主义文学观,使之逐渐凝结成一种中西连通、古今交融的现实主义文学思想,在新文学的初创时期发挥了一定的导向作用。

Hu Shi consciously inherited the realistic literary views of Du Fu,Bai Juyi,Yuan Zhen and others,especially,the literary concept which Bai Juyi advocated,namely,"to reflect the plight of the people's livelihood,criticize social abuses.",had a huge impact on Hu Shi.While studying in the United States,Hu Shi was able to deepen the theory of historic evolution,follow Dewey to learn pragmatic philosophy,and at the same time try to absorb realistic literature thoughts and other related resources from modern and contemporary western literature,including"Humanitarianism"and"Ibsenism".All these strengthened and enriched his early acceptance of traditional Chinese realism literature,and finally condensed into a link between China and the west,the integration of ancient and modern literary thoughts.During the Literary Revolution,Hu Shi's interpretation and dissemination of this realistic literary view with strong humanitarian character influenced the macro appearance and development direction of the May 4th New Literature to some extent.