黔东苗语存现句的句法语义类型

Syntactic and Semantic types of Existential Sentences in Miao Language in Qiandongnan

从形式上来看,黔东苗语存现句的存现处所或存现动词可依语境隐现,由此存现句的结构类型可分为完整式、无主式、零动词形式三大类;在不强调存现方式时,存现动词并非句子核心。由于黔东苗语存在诸多形容词作谓词核心可以后接名词的典型句法现象,性质形容词在存现构式中的准入造成了黔东苗语存现句在语义上的复杂性。从存现主语与存现宾语所构成的语义关系来看,黔东苗语存现句可分为处所类存现句、领属类存现句和属性类存现句三大类。

In terms of form,the place or verb of existential sentence in Miao language of Qiandongnan can be concealed according to the context,so the structure of existential sentence can be divided into three types:complete,subject-free and zero-verb form.When the mode of existence is not empha‐sized,the existential verb is not the core of the sentence.Sine there are many typical syntactic phenom‐ena that adjectives can be followed by nouns as predicate core in Miao language in Qiandongnan,the admission of qualitative adjectives into existential construction causes semantic complexity of existen‐tial sentences in Miao language.From the semantic relationship between existential subject and exis‐tential object,existential sentences in Miao language in Qiandongnan can be divided into three catego‐ries:locative existential sentence,possessive existential sentence and attribute existential sentence.