确定力量和随机性在生境可入侵性中的重要性

The relative importance of stochastic drift and deterministic process in the invasibility of native community

许多土著群落的物种组成可被外来植物改变,并因此失去原有的生态功能。随着全球化的提速,这样的改变已经是我国生态环境安全的重要风险源。揭示土著群落可入侵性的机制,阐明群落抵抗外来种的主控因素,可为入侵预警和生态系统保护提供理论基础。通过分析土著群落可入侵性主要理论的生态学原理发现,这些理论聚焦于天敌、资源、非资源因素及其相互作用等确定性力量,而忽视了繁殖体随机移动这一过程,该过程在自然界是普遍的,并被中性理论所强调。因此,未来的研究需要整合确定因素和随机过程,以促进对群落可入侵性的理解、预测和调控。

Background,aim,and scope The species composition of many native communities can be altered by alien plants.With the acceleration of globalization,this alteration has become one of the most important threats of ecological and environmental safety.To improve the efficiency of conservation,understanding the invasibility of community is important.The aim of this paper is illustrating the advance and deficiencies in the current knowledge of invasibility and highlighting the importance of reconciling stochastic drift and deterministic process.Materials and methods Here,the main theories of community invasibility were reviewed,and the factors that determine the resistance of community to alien species were analyzed.Results These theories of invasibility focused on enemies,resources,non-resource factors and their interactions,and predicted that the interactions create some niches.When such niches are used by alien species that individuals are sufficient,native communities will be invaded.Discussion These theories overlooked the random dispersal of propagule,and the random dispersal of propagule is common,and is an important channel by which alien plant species spread into native communities;moreover,these theories overlooked the random death and movement of native plants,and such random process creates the space for the increase of alien plant individuals.Conclusions Thus,future researches on community invasibility should incorporate determinate factors and random processes.Recommendations and perspectives Both niche theory and neutral theory are the framework of community assembly.Therefore,it is crucial for predicting and reducing the invasibility of community to add the differences of niche in neutral theory and add stochasticity into niche theory.