马克思辩证法的变革——基于马克思对黑格尔辩证法的两次评价

The reform of Marx’s dialectics based on Marx’s two comments on Hegel’s dialectics

从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》到《资本论》,马克思曾多次批判黑格尔辩证法。以往的研究大多数着眼于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中马克思对黑格尔辩证法的唯物主义改造,并赋予了较高的评价,却忽略了此时马克思仍处在费尔巴哈的批判立场,对黑格尔辩证法的批判是人本主义式的。直到《资本论》,马克思才对黑格尔辩证法有了更深刻的理解。当马克思意识到黑格尔辩证法是资本主义社会现实的一种无意识的表达之后,便一改以往的批判态度而加以赞扬,并创造性地构建起自己的辩证法。

From The Manuscripts of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 to Capital,Marx criticized Hegel’s dialectics many times.Most of the previous studies focused on the Marx’s materialistic transformation of Hegel’s dialectics in The Manuscripts of Economics and Philosophy in 1844.However,they ignored that Marx was still in Feuerbach’s position at that time,and his criticism of Hegel’s dialectics was humanistic.It was not until in Capital that Marx understood the depth of Hegel’s dialectics.When Marx realized that Hegel’s dialectics was the unconscious expression of capitalist social reality,he began to appreciate and learn from Hegel’s dialectics and creatively formed his own dialectics.