家与国:论老舍的国民性批判与建构——以《四世同堂》为例

Home and Country: Criticism and Construction of LAO She’s Nationality——Based on Four Generations Living under One Roof

老舍先生作为北京市民社会出色的表现者与批判者,独树一帜地从文化层面观察、描写市民家庭和社会,从而寻求更新民族文化、重塑国民性的道路。其长篇小说《四世同堂》,将传统家庭置于战争的社会背景中,来反思家族文化带给国人的影响。在表现对传统文化、家庭关系深沉眷恋的同时,更深刻地体现出对国民劣根性的理性批判。本文运用家族文化理论,通过老舍先生对传统伦理文化眷念与反叛的复杂情感从而探讨国民性改造的可能和路径问题。

As an outstanding performer and critic of Beijing civil society, LAO She observed and described the citizen family and society from the cultural level uniquely to seek the way to renew the national culture and reshape the national character. In LAO She’s Four Generations living under One Roof, the traditional family is placed in the social background of war, reflecting on the influence of family culture on Chinese people. While expressing deep attachment to traditional culture and family relations,it also deeply reflects LAO She’s rational criticism of the poor roots of the countrymen. Using the theory of family culture, this paper discusses the possibility and path of the transformation of national character through the complicated emotion of LAO She’s attachment to and rebellion against the traditional ethical culture.