中国与东南亚传世铜鼓铸造工艺研究

Research on the Inherited Casting Technique of Bronze Drums in China and Southeast Asia

铜鼓是中国南方和东南亚地区古代民族创造的历史文物,至今生活在湄公河流域和红水河流域的众多民族仍保留着使用铜鼓的传统,但这两个区域使用的铜鼓有很大差异。生活在红水河流域的民族对铜鼓的声音尤为重视,经过学术界的多次试验和民间铸鼓师的努力,红水河流域涌现了多个铜鼓铸造作坊,其中广西环江韦氏兄弟铜鼓厂使用砂模法成功铸造了多种尺寸的黑格尔Ⅳ型鼓。生活在湄公河流域的民族对铜鼓纹饰尤其重视,他们使用的黑格尔Ⅲ型铜鼓是铜鼓中唯一采用失蜡法铸造出的铜鼓。

Bronze drums are historical relics that were invented by ancient ethnic groups in Southern China and Southeast Asia. So far, many ethnic groups living in the Mekong River Basin and Hongshui River Basin continue to use bronze drums. However, the bronze drums in the two regions are very different. The ethnic groups living in the Hongshui River Basin attach great importance to the sound of bronze drums. After many experiments in the academic community and the efforts of folk drum casters, many bronze drum casting workshops sprang up in the Hongshui River Basin, among which Brothers Wei’s bronze drum factory successfully cast a variety of sizes of Heger Ⅳ bronze drums using the sand mold method. The ethnic groups living in the Mekong River Basin attach great importance to the sculpture of bronze drums. The Heger Ⅲ bronze drums that they use are the only drums cast using the lost wax method.