教育扩展与我国教育不平等的变化——基于教育基尼系数的考察

Education Expansion and Educational Inequality in China:Based on Education Gini Coefficient Investigation

自2000年以来,我国教育扩展的速度和步伐明显加快。教育扩展显著改善了人口受教育状况,但群体间在平均受教育年限增加幅度和受教育程度改善上存在显著异质性。对于我国各省份内部而言,教育扩展几乎都产生了降低教育不平等的积极效应,但在很多省份,教育在人口中的分配仍然处于“高位”不平等状态。与此同时,全国教育基尼系数的水平却是上升的,组内的教育不平等下降并没有导致整体的教育不平等下降。因此,应继续深化和优化教育扩展进程,以深化教育供给侧结构性改革为主线,加强“四新建设”和紧缺专业人才培养,重塑生产人力资本的教育培训体系,高度重视对教育不平等问题的治理,从而实现教育资源的公平及优化配置。

Ever since 2000,the speed and pace of education expansion have become faster.In addition,the expansion of education has significantly improved the educational status of the population,but there is significant heterogeneity in the increase of the average number of years of education and the improvement of the educational level among different groups.Almost all provinces in China have positive effects on reducing educational inequality,but in many provinces,the distribution of education in the population is still at a“high”level of inequality.At the same time,the level of educational gini coefficient is on the rise,and the decrease of educational inequality within the group does not lead to the decrease of educational inequality as a whole.Therefore,we should continue to deepen and optimize the education expansion process,in order to deepen the supply-side structural reform of education as the main line,strengthen the construction of“Four New”disciplines and a shortage of professional personnel training,remake the education training system of human capital,attach great importance to education inequality of governance,so as to realize the fairness and optimal allocation of educational resources.