人工智能原则的作用——从非约束原则到普遍原则

The Role of Artificial Intelligence(AI)Principles——From Non-binding Principle to Universal Principle

随着第三次AI热潮的到来,不同领域已经完成AI从研究开发到实际运用的过程,人们也逐渐认识到合理使用AI,其原则的重要性。充分利用新兴技术需要采取相应措施,通过完善基本法律,将非约束性的AI原则确定为基本原则或者作为法定公布事项将其转化为实际规则不失为一种对策。在应对新问题制定新规则方面,EU走在世界前沿,参考EU经验对思考日本制定相关策略具有启发性。本文在阐述日本国内外AI原则、准则内容等基础上,考察EU研究动向、研讨EU《可信赖的AI伦理准则》的内容和《评价清单》、以及预示AI走向的《白皮书》内容,以此探寻未来日本AI法律规制的方向。审视OECD通过《AI理事会劝告》的意义以及在法律完善中参考无法律约束力的AI原则制定的《隐私准则》的地位,尽管仅为非约束性准则,鉴于OECD隐私八原则几乎成为各国相关法制的“参照系”,论证将非约束性AI原则确定为普遍性原则的必要性非常重要。

As the arrival of the third AI boom,in different fields of society,AI has completed processes from the fields of research and development to practical application,and people have gradually realized the importance of the rational use of AI and its principles.Making full use of emerging technologies requires corresponding measures,determining non-binding AI"principles"as basic principles,or as statutory announcements by improving the basic law,then transforming them into actual rules.In dealing with new issues and formulating new rules,EU is at the forefront of the world.The experience of EU brings in inspiration of thinking about Japan's formulation of relevant strategies.Based on the description of AI principles and criteria of Japan inside and outside,this paper examines the trends of EU researches,discusses the content of EU's"“Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI”and"Evaluation Checklist",as well as the content of the"White Paper"that predicts the future direction of AI regulation to explore the future direction of AI legal regulation in Japan.By examining the significance of the OECD’s adoption of the"Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence",reconfirming the status of the“Privacy Guidelines”referred by the non-legally binding principles in the process of improving laws,and focusing on the OECD’s Eight Privacy Principles,which are non-binding guidelines and referred by many countries in legal systems,to deliberate the significance of the use of non-binding principle as the universal principle.