民间借贷司法解释第十八条的司法适用

Judicial Application of Article 18 of Judicial Interpretation of Private Lending

《最高人民法院关于审理民间借贷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》自2015年9月颁布施行,后经过2020年8月和2021年1月两次修正,在此期间民间借贷案件在司法实践中有了较清晰的裁判标准。但是关于《规定》第十八条,其在司法适用中具有诸多的模糊性和不可操作性,相当一部分办案法官对其进行了错误的引用。“第十八条”是指引法官在审理民间借贷纠纷案件时用于判断案件是否属于虚假诉讼的法律条款,其不得被引用去认定案件是否存在民间借贷关系,也不能被引用去认定民间借贷纠纷案件是否属于恶意民间借贷诉讼。在虚假民间借贷诉讼认定上,应当建立一套辅助“第十八条”的识别机制;在处理上,要根据证据的充足情况分层次处理和惩罚。

The provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the application of law in the trial of private lending cases have been promulgated and implemented since September 2015,after that,it was revised twice in August 2020 and January 2021,during which there were clear judgment standards in the judicial practice of private lending cases.However,as for article 18 of the Provisions,it has many ambiguity and uncertainty in judicial application,and quite a number of the cases have been wrongly quoted by the judges."Article 18"judicial interpretation of private lending is to guide the judge to judge whether a case belongs to a false lawsuit in the case of a civil debit and loan dispute."Article 18"should not be quoted to determine whether there is a private lending relationship or not to be cited to determine whether the civil debit and loan case belongs to the malicious lawsuit.In the identification of false private lending litigation,we should establish a set of recognition mechanism to assist"Article 18".In terms of treatment,there should be a hierarchy of treatment and punishment according to the adequacy of the evidence.