高温诱导牡丹产生未减数花粉

High Temperature Treatment Generates Unreduced Pollen in Paeonia suffruticosa

以5年生‘凤丹’牡丹为试验材料,在掌握花粉母细胞减数分裂进程的基础上,使用“树木非离体枝芽加热处理装置”(ZL200610113448.X)施加高温处理,诱导花粉染色体加倍,建立了适宜牡丹花粉染色体加倍的技术体系。结果表明,花粉母细胞减数分裂进程和花蕾的外部形态及花药颜色变化有一定相关性,当花蕾处于“小风铃”至“大风铃”时期,即花蕾直径13mm时,花粉母细胞减数分裂达到双线期—中期Ⅰ;此时期40℃高温处理4 h,可获得较高比率(21.98%)具有生活力的2n花粉。

In this research,five-year Paeonia suffruticosa’Fengdan’was chosen as an experimental material.On the basis of mastering meiosis process of pollen mother cells,“a non-in-vitro branch bud heat treatment device of trees”(ZL200610113448.X)was used to implement pollen chromosome doubling of P.suffruticosa under high-temperature processing,a suitable technique for high temperature-induced pollen chromosome doubling in P.suffruticosa was established.The findings indicated that meiosis process of pollen mother cells had correlation with the external form of flower buds and anther color changes.When flower buds remained between“small wind bell”stage to“big wind bell”stage,namely the diameter of flower buds was 13 mm,meiosis process of pollen mother cells reached diplonema—metaphaseⅠ.The treatment combination of 40 ℃ for 4 h produced the greatest amount of diploid pollen(up to 21.98% of the total yield).