从理事到抚民:清代归绥地区厅制变迁新探

From Director(lishi)to Administrator(fumin):A New Study of Changes to the“Ting system”in the Guisui Region in the Qing Dynasty

清代在郡县与藩部之间的圈层过渡地带常常通过设置“厅”的方式进行治理,山西与内蒙古交界的归绥地区是其中的典型代表。清朝对这一蒙汉杂处地带的治理经历了漫长而复杂的探索过程,可分为理事、分辖、统合、兼辖、抚民、建省等六个阶段,厅制亦因应形势而变迁,生动展现了郡县制是如何逐步向边疆拓展的。这一过程并非直线式的,它受到国家整体行政制度的约束,也受到区域社会历史进程的影响。厅制应被放在具体时空环境中理解其不同时期的样态。

In the Qing Dynasty,transition zones between the county-prefecture system and vassal system(fanbu)were often governed under the“ting system.”The Guisui area,on the border between Shanxi and Inner Mongolia,was a typical example of this form of administration.The Qing Dynasty experienced a long and complicated process governance in this region,and the administrative system also changed according to the situation.The process can be divided into six stages:director(lishi),separate jurisdiction,integration,concurrent administration,administrator(fumin),and establishment of a province,which vividly shows how the prefectures and counties system gradually expanded to the border areas.This process was not linear,rather it was both constrained by the administrative system of the country and affected by the regional social and historical process.The ting system should be understood in the specific space-time environment in different periods.