清朝对土尔扈特等部东归消息的获得与应对

The Qing Dynasty’s Acquisition and Response to the Intelligence that the Torγods Who Returned to Their Homeland

清朝是在事先毫不知情的情况下,从俄罗斯官方得知清朝平定准噶尔时投向俄罗斯的厄鲁特人脱逃之事,且可能前往旧卫拉特游牧地,尔后又得知其中有叛逃清朝之舍楞等人。这一突发情况引发了清朝内部是否收纳的争论,清朝如何决策应对,则来源于对土尔扈特等部是否东归及东归意图的判断,而此问题又需要通过各种消息来解决。本文从清朝对东归消息的获得渠道出发,分析其如何对各种消息进行辨别并适时给出合理的应对策略,指出乾隆帝在其中起到了至关重要的作用,还考察了留居额济勒河之人再次东归传言的始末。

The Qing court had no prior knowledge of the situation when it obtained the intelligence from Russian authorities that the?geled,who had surrendered to Russians when the Qing army defeated the Junggar,had escaped,and they probably went to the old nomadic land of Oyirad.Later,it was known that some of them,such as?eleng had defected to the Qing Dynasty.This unexpected situation triggered debate within the Qing court over whether to accept the Torγods.The Qing Dynasty decision to respond was based on the judgment of why the Torγods had returned and on their intentions.The debate had to be resolved through the interpretation of diverse sources of intelligence.This article begins from an examination of the Qing court’s channels for obtaining intelligence about the return of the Torγods,analyzes the various kinds of intelligence and the timely implementation of a reasonable coping strategy,elucidates the vital role that Emperor Qianlong played,and investigates the beginning and end of the rumor that the people who stayed in Ejil River returned to the homeland。