顶翎与治边:清朝对哈萨克的顶翎政策(1765-1849)

Button,Feather,and Frontier Administration:The Qing Government’s Policy on Awarding Button and Feather to the Kazakh Nomads(1765-1849)

清朝对哈萨克黑骨阶层授予顶翎,不仅是清哈政治关系史中极其重要的一环,更是清朝西北边疆治理颇具特色的一面。本文以相关满文档案为基础,论述清中期清朝对哈萨克黑骨阶层授予顶翎政策的由来、具体实施及效益,力图呈现清朝对哈萨克授予顶翎的政治行为如何成为一项服务西北边疆治理重要策略的过程。

Awarding button and feather to the black bone Kazakh nomads,was not only a crucial issue in the relations between Qing government and Kazakh Khanate,but also a unique feature of the administration of the northwest frontier.Based on relevant Manchu documents,this essay focuses on the origins of the Qing government’s policy of awarding button and feather to the‘black bone’Kazakh nomads.Based on Manchu documents that indicate the process of awarding buttons and feather to‘black bone’Kazakh nomads became an important policy in the administration of the northwest frontier.