《资本论》价值形式理论语境中的拜物教与物化

On Fetishism and Reification in the Context of Value Form Theory in Das Kapital

在马克思拜物教理论的解读史上,学界形成了拜物教的“物化论”解读和拜物教的“价值形式论”解读两种传统。通过对马克思文本,特别是对《资本论》德文第一卷第一版《附录》中价值形式理论和拜物教理论的重新考察,可以看出这两种拜物教解读模式都有其合理性与局限性。马克思的拜物教理论是《资本论》价值形式理论的副产品,必须在价值形式的语境中将其理解为一种“现实抽象”。同时,拜物教理论也隐含着与异化理论相似的“个体与类”的分离逻辑。从异化到拜物教的理论发展,说明马克思的思想发展既有其革命性的一面,也有其连续性的一面,是对国外学界关于“青年马克思”与“老年马克思”对立论的有力反驳。

In the history of the interpretation of Marx’s theory of fetishism,there are two interpretative traditions,namely,the"reification"interpretation and the"value form"interpretation.By re-examining both the value form theory and the fetishism theory in Marx’s text,especially in the first volume of the first German edition of Das Kapital,this paper argues that both interpretation above have their validity and limitations.The paper argues that Marx’s theory of fetishism is a by-product of the value form theory in Das Kapital and it must be understood in the context of the"value form"theory as the"real abstraction".On the basis of this understanding,the paper further points out that the logic of the separation of’individual and species’is contained in the theory of fetishism,which explains the rationality of the"reification"interpretation of fetishism,and explains the consistency between Marx’s theory of fetishism and the earlier theory of alienation.