单宁的生物活性及其在畜禽生产中的应用

Biological activity of tannin and its application in livestock and poultry production

随着畜牧行业"禁抗"的落实,寻找合适的"替抗"饲料添加剂已然成为行业内的重要探索方向。单宁是一种植物源性多酚类化合物,广泛存在于多种植物中,在过去,由于过量摄入会影响机体对营养物质的消化与吸收,甚至产生一定的生理毒性,故其一直被归类为抗营养因子。但由于单宁的多酚属性,在适当的摄入量下,其具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫和抗氧化等生物活性。近几十年来,大量的研究报道了适量的单宁可有效改善畜禽的饲料利用率和生产性能、促进肠道健康和提高动物产品品质,具有非常广阔的应用前景。但当前的研究显示,对于不同的动物类型、不同的动物生长阶段、不同的单宁来源及其不同的添加形式,单宁的最适添加剂量及其作用效果均不相同。本研究就单宁的理化性质和生物活性,以生猪、反刍动物以及家禽为例,对单宁在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述及展望,探讨单宁作为饲料添加剂的开发潜力及价值,为养殖生产中非粮饲料的应用提供参考。

With the implementation of“No antibiotics”in the animal husbandry industry,it has become an important exploration direction to find suitable“Alternative antibiotic use”feed additives.Tannin is a kind of plant-derived polyphenolic compound that is widely existed in a variety of plants.In the past,excessive intake of tannic acid would affect the body’s digestion and absorption of nutrients,and even produce certain physiological toxicity,so it has been classified as an anti-nutrient factor.However,due to its polyphenol properties,tannin has antibacterial,antiviral,antiparasitic and antioxidant activities in appropriate intake.In recent decades,numerous studies have reported that appropriate tannins can effectively improve the feed utilization rate and production performance of livestock and poultry,promote intestinal health and improve the quality of animal products.It has a very broad application prospect.However,current studies have shown that the optimal dosage and effects of tannins are different for different animal types,different growth stages,different tannins sources and different addition forms.In this study,the applications of tannin in livestock and poultry production such as pigs,ruminants and poultry are summarized and prospected based on the physicochemical properties and biological activity of tannin in order to explore the development potential and value of tannin as feed additive,and to provide reference for the application of non-grain feed in breeding and production.