基于比格犬下颌前磨牙区解剖模型确定口腔种植位点的方法探讨

The method of determining oral implantation sites based on an anatomical model of mandibular premolar area of a Beagle dog

目的探讨基于比格犬下颌前磨牙区解剖模型确定口腔种植位点的方法。方法该研究于2019年1月至2020年10月由浙江中医药大学附属第二医院主导开展,采用比格犬口腔种植模型,比较拔除前磨牙前后下颌骨的解剖结构的变化以及测量数据,分析安全种植区以及口腔种植位点的选择。结果在所有的下颌前磨牙中,第1~4前磨牙(P1~P4)的牙根逐渐增加,双根牙P2、P3、P4的近中根的直径:P2为(2.72±0.45)mm,P3为(3.22±0.32)mm,P4为(4.16±0.34)mm,均小于远中根[P2:(2.98±0.29)mm,P3:(3.48±0.27)mm,P4:(4.58±0.22)mm],远中根的长度[P2:(8.79±0.41)mm,P3:(9.21±0.31)mm,P4:(10.12±0.36)mm]小于近中根[P2:(8.91±0.69)mm,P3:(9.48±0.27)mm,P4:(11.58±0.24)mm];在所有下颌骨中,颏孔至第1磨牙的管嵴距(H)和牙槽嵴顶宽度(W)依次增加[H1:(7.24±0.49)mm,H2:(8.28±0.71)mm,H3:(9.52±0.37)mm,W1:(5.71±0.81)mm,W2:(5.82±0.28)mm,W3:(6.72±0.54)mm]。结论颏孔和尖牙根尖区外靠远中的区域是安全植入区,在安全种植区内,种植假体的长度和直径不超过植区的牙根长度以及颈部的颊舌向的最大直径。

Objective To investigate the method of determining oral implantation sites based on an anatomical model of mandibular premolar area of a Beagle dog.Methods This study was performed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University between January 2019 and October 2020.Mandibular anatomical structure and measurement data were compared between before and after removal of premolar teeth to determine safe implantation areas and oral implantation sites.Results Among all mandibular premolars,the roots of the 1st to 4th premolars(P1-P4)gradually increased.The diameter of the mesial roots of the double root teeth P2,P3,and P4 was(2.72±0.45)mm,(3.22±0.32)mm,(4.16±0.34)mm,respectively,which was significantly shorter than those in the distal roots[P2:(2.98±0.29)mm,P3:(3.48±0.27)mm,P4:(4.58±0.22)mm].The length of distal roots P2,P3 and P4 was(8.79±0.41)mm,(9.21±0.31)mm,(10.12±0.36)mm),respectively,which was significantly shorter than that of mesial root[P2:(8.91±0.69)mm,P3:(9.48±0.27)mm,P4:(11.58±0.24)mm].Among all mandibles,the distance(H)from the mental foramen to the first molar and the width(W)of the alveolar crest increased successively[H1:(7.24±0.49)mm,H2:(8.28±0.71)mm,H3:(9.52±0.37)mm,W1:(5.71±0.81)mm,W2:(5.82±0.28)mm,W3:(6.72±0.54)mm].Conclusion The mental foramen and the distal part outside the canine apical area are safe implantation areas.In the safe implantation area,the length and diameter of the implant prosthesis do not exceed the root length in the implantation area and the maximum diameter in the buccal lingual direction.